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History of Spirits

Rum – is a spirit distilled from molasses or sugarcane juice.

Types of Rum

• White 
• Golden 
• Dark 
• Spiced 
• Flavoured

Vodka – a spirit distilled from barley, corn, ray, potatoes. It originated in Russia. The term vodka is derived from the Slavic word Voda (water)

Types of Vodka

1. Neutral vodka – distilled from grains or potato juice. 
2. Flavoured Vodka – using natural flavoured material 

Scotch/Whisky – a general name for liquors of not less than 80% proof, distilled from mash grains. Whisky is a drink distilled from the fermentation of malt. Malt is any grain that has been allowed to germinate, particularly barley or rye, and then dried. The process by which it malt is made is called 'malting'.

Whether it is spelled 'whisky' or 'whiskey' usually depends on where it was made. For example In Scotland, Canada, Japan and other parts of the world, it is spelled without the 'e', while in the US and Ireland it is more commonly spelled with an 'e'.

Whisky of one type or another is made all over the world, but to be called Scotch Whisky it must be made entirely in Scotland. 

The main differences between types of whisky are down to three things: the grain used; the production process; where the whisky was made; and how long it was matured for.

Types of Scotch/Whiskies

• Single Malt – This is a whisky from a single distillery made using only malted barley, water and yeast. 
• Blended – A blended Scotch Whisky is made by mixing together Single Malt Whiskies and Single Grain Whiskies. 
• Bourbon - Bourbon is an American whiskey made from malted grains that are at minimum 51% corn. 

Two types of Bourbon:-

1. Straight - This a bourbon from one American state, for example Kentucky,who has been aged for at least 2 years and doesn't have any additives such as flavouring or colourants. 

2. Blended – A blended bourbon can include other spirits and flavourings, but must be a minimum of at least 51% straight bourbon.

Tennessee - essentially the same as bourbon. The only distinction is the inclusion of charcoal filtering in the post-distillation process.

Rye - primarily made in North America. In the United States, it must be fermented from a mixture of malted grains that is at least 51% rye.

Flavoured - whiskies with a single added flavouring but without additional sweetener.

Whisky Liqueurs - any form of flavoured whisky with added sweetener, traditionally served as an after-dinner drink. Whisky liqueurs fall into two broad categories: those made with cream and those made without.